Signs that a dog may have an attachment issue include: • Excessive barking or whining when left alone. Their trust may be hard Jun 28, 2019 · Research suggests that humans can form strong attachments to their pets, and at least some pets display attachment behaviors toward their human caretakers. The incidence of separation-related behavior problems has been estimated at 20% of the dog population. Of course, dogs are not babies, but they show similar behaviours of attachment, such as approaching, following, clinging, or vocalizing towards their owners. Accordingly we are told that caring about dogs is a modern invention and evidence of Feb 16, 2024 · Mistake #3. Separation Anxiety. Responding to other dogs. Interactions with mother and siblings teach bite inhibition, […] May 31, 2022 · Proper trainer and working with an animal behavioralist can repair aggressive behaviors and help a rescue dog transition into a new home successfully. One or both of the following concerns may Mar 17, 2018 · Theoretical and methodological problems. When an attempt is made to separate the dogs and to train the young dog individually, away from the other dog, the anxiety in the young dog is so high that it literally cannot think. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) lists two types of attachment disorders: reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). If your voice, movement, and overall demeanor make your dog feel comfortable, at ease, and attached, you are on the path to powerful bonding. Signs of anxious attachment issues include: Strong desire for closeness and intimacy in relationships, often leading to a fear of rejection or abandonment. Owners completed the C-BARQ at baseline, 3-months and 6-months Jan 21, 2021 · Keywords: dog behavior, human-dog attachment, personality, veterinary behavior, behavior problems. Those first few months and years of life can have a huge impact on their behavior and the development of their personality. Jun 7, 2012 · A: Try to redirect the behavior -- the fear -- onto something more positive, like a game, a toy, some food, or attention. Close door, return to normal activities. The mother forms a strong bond with her puppies through breastfeeding, thermoregulation Hello, I have a 6 month old male Aussie. OMEGA--Journal of Death and Dying 47 (4):385-393. In dogs, during the first weeks of imprinting, mutual attachment is formed between a puppy and its mother. This study aimed to investigate the possible associations between canine behavior following clinical intervention and canine demographic characteristics, owner personality and owner-dog attachment. Body tense and low or forward. These days, vets often use the broader term ‘separation-related problem’ because not all dogs that struggle being alone feel anxious, some feel scared, panicked, frustrated, bored, or even over-excited. The child is anxious, fearful, or depressed. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of F94. Jun 24, 2023 · Behavioral therapy is a common treatment for dogs with attachment issues. Some of these behaviors may include: Barking. Littermate syndrome can be difficult, due to the numerous behavioral issues Feb 4, 2023 · Signs of Attachment Issues in Dogs. Intense stare. Fear. Discover ways to help your anxious dog cope with departure cues and gradual desensitization techniques. Limited research has investigated the underpinning mechanisms that may contribute to the benefits and risks of child–dog attachment during childhood. Campbell described hyper-attachment as an intense version of your canine following you around like, well, a puppy dog. A big change in the schedule. Slowly increase the amount of time you're gone. Put on your Are you causing your dogs anxiety and over-attachment? – Dynamic Dogs Chicago Dog Training. Many people make the mistake of simply putting their dog in the crate, locking the door, and leaving for hours at a time. Most dog owners fall under one of these attachment styles. Grief over the loss of a pet was investigated to clarify the usual course of symptoms experienced, gender differences in the experience, and the role of attachment to the pet. Type 1 Excludes. For your pup to be more connected to you, it is essential to comprehend the notion of attachment. If this relationship goes to shit there will be no doggy visitation rights. • Disinterest in food and toys when left alone. Boredom. He may leave the room I'm in to go play with Dad for a few minutes or for Dad to take him out, but the minute he comes back in he's right under me Sep 13, 2023 · Attachment disorders are psychiatric conditions that can develop in early childhood and may have lasting impacts into adulthood. . Reappear after a few seconds. Tiring out your dog physically and mentally is the best tool you have for treating separation anxiety, says Lindsay Hamrick, a certified professional dog trainer and HSUS director of shelter outreach and engagement. Yet, half won't show any obvious signs and so it can be easy for owners to miss. Apr 1, 2019 · A classification system for dogs’ attachment security to caregivers that adheres closely to Ainsworth’s seminal methodology makes it possible to compare directly the effects of human and dog attachment patterns on the health and emotional well-being of humans and dogs. Our previous research suggested that these dogs may have an insecure attachment style. Train Your Dog to Be Alone When You Are in the House. Limping that comes and goes. Hiding. The child is unable to control his/her temper or anger. Biting or licking at the leg. Urinating or defecating in house or crate. , 2018; Hunt et al. Apr 25, 2020 · Puppies with littermate syndrome become highly dependent on one another. 1 became effective on October 1, 2023. So why is this a problem? Because now the young dog gets its confidence from the presence of the other dog, and not from the owner. A reduction in the size of the muscles, tightening, or banding appearance of the muscle over the shoulder. Cataracts. Attachment and human development specialists may question this expansion of the attachment research paradigm, given the evolutionary gulf between humans and dogs and the substantial interspecies differences in behavioral repertoire and cognitive and emotional function. JEPS is run by highly motivated European psychology students and has been publishing since 2009. Hopping or skipping. Attention-seeking. Ask your dog to stay, then close an inside door between you. Many owners believe that their dog has attachment issues simply because the dog barks excessively when left Separation anxiety is when a dog feels anxious when they’re alone, or away from the human to which they are most bonded. Cataracts are one of the most common eye problems to affect any dog, especially aging dogs. This is If your dog is particularly attached to you, it may be because you provide them with love, attention, and security — all things they need in order to form healthy relationships. Separation anxiety may result in whining Nov 29, 2023 · If the child does not receive effective treatment, the symptoms of RAD may manifest or continue into adulthood. A dog’s aggressive behavior is influenced by external and internal factors, including its psychological profile. This is YOUR dog. Breeders may also opt to keep the puppies until 10 or 12 weeks of age. The therapy may involve desensitization exercises, counterconditioning techniques, and positive reinforcement training methods. Step 3) Walk to door, open door just a crack (an inch or two) for a few seconds. Apr 15, 2022 · Emerging evidence suggests that pet dogs can offer features of a secure attachment which has been associated with healthy psychological development across the lifespan. The dog–owner relationship shows some similarities to human caregiver–infant relationships. Dilated cardiomyopathy causes enlarged heart chambers that struggle to contract correctly, which can cause irregular heartbeats and weakened heart muscle. Our testers scored each dog stroller in multiple Apr 15, 2022 · Child–dog attachment (X) had a significant indirect effect on caregiver-reported peer problems (SDQ) (Y) through caregiver-reported positive (M1) and negative (M2) child–dog behaviours (ab cs = −0. , Parthasarathy and Crowell-Davis, 2006; Konok et al. A puppy needs proper, appropriate and regular socialization in order to grown into a well-adjusted adult dog. FAQ on Managing Rescue Dog Separation Anxiety . The ‘Dark Triad’ is a cluster of Symptoms of Reactive Behaviors in Dogs. Is your training taking that into account? Take the quiz. Compulsive abnormal behaviors in maltreated dogs may be caused by stressful Feb 28, 2018 · In other words, when a person is the source of all good things, the dog will form a connection with them. It is a long-term relationship, based on emotions, between two creatures. Jan 4, 2016 · 9. When I got him he was really timid and scared being away from his littermates for the first time. If these approaches are not working, talk to your vet about calming supplements or medications. Attachment therapy can help you address some of the subconscious, lingering issues from your childhood that still impact your ability to form meaningful relationships as an adult. (Image credit: Getty Images) Often considered a “clingy” dog, the Cockapoo is nevertheless an exceptionally popular cross-breed. Walk to door and open it a crack [do not step outside]. Licking of lips or muzzle. The child is not getting on very well at school. Walk to door and step outside, closing it behind you. e. This can affect dogs of any breed and also unrelated puppies who are adopted and raised together. 20 However, diagnosis of a canine separation-related problem generally relies on indirect evidence, such as evidence of destruction or reports of barking by neighbors, because the problem behaviors occur primarily in the absence of the owner. In this paper, we summarize the central lessons we learned about The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM F94. 1. November 2003. The other type is just fear of being alone. Methods Thirty-eight DO and their Feb 28, 2012 · Social psychologists argue that pets are natural objects of human attachment, being easily accessible, active, and affectionate. She has always (as long as I have been in her life anyway, about 5 years) had attachment issues, at least that's what I think they are. Oct 23, 2019 · A team of researchers from Portugal, headed by Ana Catarina Vieira de Castro of the University of Porto, were worried at reports that hinted at the fact that punishments used on dogs might affect Mar 4, 2024 · Background The human-animal bond has been recognized as having positive effects on the health and well-being of both humans and pets. Pain when touching around the shoulder, head, neck, or leg. The child is very withdrawn and does not interact with other children or adults. The present study aims to explore the influence of attachment on physical activity (PA), lifestyle, and health outcomes of dog owners (DO), highlighting the mutual benefits resulting from the relationship between DO and dogs. The dog may seem anxious or evasive when you try to cuddle or pet it. The goal of this therapy is to modify your dog’s behavior by teaching it new, positive ways to interact with you and others. Hoarding shoes. Feb 14, 2018 · The major claim is that our emotional bond to dogs is evidence of modern sentimentality and mental mushiness. Dec 18, 2023 · 1. There are several behaviors that might clue you in that your dog is feeling anxious or may be in a reactive state. 10. Take your dog on a long walk—trying out new routes and allowing lots of Here's a quick refresh on the steps in level 1: Step 1) Walk to door, jiggle door handle, return to normal activities. The phrase is often used to describe behavioral issues that occur when two or more dogs from the same litter are raised together and adopted into the same home. Possible symptoms of the disorder in adults include: difficulty reading emotions Mar 29, 2024 · Dog strollers are great for taking small dogs, senior dogs, and dogs with mobility issues for a daily outing, but dogs of any age—and most sizes, too—can enjoy a wheel-powered excursion. Toy breeds in particular are often kept with the litter until Apr 1, 2019 · In recent years the owner and dog attachment style has also been investigated in relation to separation-related problems (e. Authors: Thomas A Wrobel. 0–7 Weeks The developmental tasks of this period all involve learning appropriate social behavior with other dogs. , Beck & Madresh, 2008; Green et al. 2190/QYV5-LLJ1-T043-U0F9. 7:630931. Separation anxiety. This study aimed to test the potential mediating role of caregiver-observed Nov 1, 2003 · Grieving Pet Death: Normative, Gender, and Attachment Issues. Consider using calming device and treatment. • Separation anxiety. Many dogs that have separation anxiety have a hyper-attachment to the owner; are excessively attentive to the owner, and follow him or her everywhere. , 2021). 3389/fvets Sep 22, 2023 · Keeping destructive pets busy and entertained. Participants were administered a modified CENSHARE Pet Attachment Survey (Holcomb, Williams Apr 2, 2019 · If you’re running an errand and you come home to find your dog’s chest and snout covered in slobber, separation anxiety could be the culprit. Feb 23, 2015 · It is also possible that owners’ insecure attachment is not a triggering factor of the dogs’ SRD but it influences the selection of a puppy/ adult dog and/or a dog breed. Your dog may jump, wag their tail vigorously, and even bark out of excitement. Signs can include excessive crying, whining, and destructive behavior when siblings are separated. Jun 6, 2017 · 4. Feb 22, 2022 · Excessive barking is considered a behavior problem. Do everything step by step and monitor your pet's Oct 23, 2019 · A team of researchers from Portugal, headed by Ana Catarina Vieira de Castro of the University of Porto, were worried at reports that hinted at the fact that punishments used on dogs might affect Jul 29, 2021 · a refusal to seek comfort from caregivers. Holding the leg up or ‘pointing’. Shop. Mar 11, 2014 · Previous research has suggested that owners’ attitude to their family dogs may contribute to a variety of behaviour problems in the dog, and authors assume that dogs with separation-related disorder (SRD) attach differently to the owner than typical dogs do. Resource guarding. Why some dogs get overly attached to their owner is still a matter of debates. “The primary benefits of attachment therapy, and the techniques it uses, is to help the individual gain a sense of security. Yet less attention has been given to the influence of attachment Separation-related behaviour (SRB) occurs when a dog is left alone. May 28, 2023 · First just go on the other side of the door. By taking attachment theory into account when we choose how to address behavior, we make a quantum shift in the quality of life for our Apr 20, 2021 · When one has insecure attachments, it impacts most relationships, from co-workers to friends and, of course, intimate relationships. , in press, Zilcha-Mano et al. Feb 23, 2015 · Previous research has suggested that owners’ attitude to their family dogs may contribute to a variety of behaviour problems in the dog, and authors assume that dogs with separation-related disorder (SRD) attach differently to the owner than typical dogs do. A designated sleeping area or their ‘den’ is a place where they feel the safest and most relaxed. Richter, separation anxiety tends to vary by breed, with the more hypervigilant breeds (like shepherds or hunting dogs) being more prone to experience Mar 12, 2010 · Others have a disorder that is called ‘separation anxiety’, where the pet’s owner must be in sight at all times, otherwise the animal will go crazy. You have more meaningful conversations with your dog than anyone. I've been reading up on this, and the weird thing is, she acts in a way that I've never seen written about! Feb 18, 2020 · Abstract. Consistency and routine are key during the potty training process. Step 2) Walk to door, do not touch door handle, return to normal activities. Try leaving your dog alone in a room while you go to another part of the house. In the present study we have investigated Apr 13, 2023 · Littermate syndrome is an unscientific term that describes unwanted behaviors among sibling dogs, including aggression and intense attachment. Use Additional. You would never consider calling them “our dog” even if in a LTR. Aug 12, 2020 · This disorder is genetic, so it can pass through generations of French Bulldogs. , whether the person is actively interacting with the dog/encouraging attention or sitting passively and petting the dog twice each time it enters the 1m radius circle surrounding the person’s chair), while Nov 3, 2023 · Attachment is an emotional bond between you and your pup. Feb 24, 2015 · The article considers attachment bonds between humans and dogs, how these may potentially clash with or complement each other, and the effects of different bonds on the dog–human dyad as a whole. We researched top performing dog strollers and hand-picked 20 strollers for testing in our New York Lab. , 2015, 2019) and is now thought to play a larger role in the development of separation-related problems than previously expected (Meneses et al. , attachment anxiety and avoidance) to explain human-animal relationships, and specifically the psychological benefits of having pets. Fear is a common and unique hurdle for each individual dog. 1 may differ. Nov 25, 2023 · However, problems may then arise for these disinhibited dogs further down the line if they subsequently fail to form attachment bonds with their new owners, and ongoing behavioural support should be given to new owners to help them understand attachment issues and equip the new owners with the skills required to establish an attachment bond Nov 27, 2023 · Addressing Sudden Attachment Issues. The sample included 174 adults who had lost a pet dog or cat to death. Put simply, the two sides of An attachment bond is a close emotional relationship between two individuals. Immediately return. Dogs form strong bonds with their toys for various reasons, and it’s not uncommon for them to become suddenly attached to a specific toy. However as a very sociable, friendly dog Based on everything we have learned so far, it seems understandable that those with an anxious attachment style may prefer a more affectionate and dependent pet, like a dog, while those with an avoidant style may prefer a more independent pet, such as a cat. Get the dog to try to focus on something other than the fear. Growling. Signs of Separation Anxiety Oct 23, 2019 · Reward versus discipline training affects the bond between dogs and owners. Apr 1, 2019 · The owners’ personality, dog-directed behaviour and attitude to their dog have been shown to contribute to a variety of behavioural problems (Bennett and Rohlf, 2007; Dodman et al. Sci. The good news is we can change insecure attachments to secure ones because dogs are cognitively and emotionally eternal infants, so to speak. Don’t make a big deal out of it! Calming supplements or essential oils. 3. May 6, 2012 · The Journal of European Psychology Students (JEPS) is an open-access, double-blind, peer-reviewed journal for psychology students worldwide. According to Dr. The good news is that separation anxiety (SRB) is preventable It may be due to separation anxiety, lack of love and affection, boredom, mistreatment, health, or nature, or you may have encouraged the behavior without knowing. Introduction: Research points to a relationship between owner personality and strength of attachment to one’s pet, with implications for psychological health. Systematic desensitization. Citation: Powell L, Stefanovski D, Siracusa C and Serpell J (2021) Owner Personality, Owner-Dog Attachment, and Canine Demographics Influence Treatment Outcomes in Canine Behavioral Medicine Cases. Nov 8, 2021 · Typically, separation anxiety refers to a dog who has formed a hyper-attachment to a single individual and exhibits distress and behavior problems if that person isn’t present. , 2012; O’Farrell, 1997; Podberscek and Serpell, 1997), including separation-related problems. The study included 131 dog-owner dyads who attended a veterinary behavioral service. We review existing tools designed to measure the dog–human bond and offer potential refinements to improve their accuracy. Jan 24, 2022 · Although the nine questions we identified surely do not exhaust all of the “fundamental questions” of attachment theory, we expected that they would touch on many of the most important issues, concerns, and debates that have driven attachment research for more than 50 years. Playfulness and excitement. doi: 10. Amanda L Apr 27, 2021 · It really depends on your dog’s history and personality. Research suggests that eight out of 10 dogs find it hard to cope when left alone. Continue reading if you want to discover why your puppy is clinging to you and what you can do to stop or lessen this kind of behavior. Utilize crates and puppy-proofed zones when you cannot actively supervise. They have many great values, such as a low-shedding coat, intelligence and are full of love and energy. Insecure attachments can manifest in different ways, but they Jan 3, 2022 · One more test that is helpful for assessing older puppies can go a long way to help you ascertain whether a dog is more independent, prone to attachment issues and separation anxiety, or more calm and easygoing. Lack of proper socialization. There is no “our” about this situation. May 18, 2024 · Calming Coats. Compulsively digging holes. This guide explains the different stages puppies go through as they grow. Aug 15, 2009 · I thought Jax (GSD) would get more independent as he grew older, but he really hasn't. Consult with a Professional. In addition to providing comfort for your dog, having an emotionally stable attachment can help reduce anxiety in both of you. Spinning in circles during times of stress. Pacing and panting, especially by the door. Difficulty trusting others, and often feeling insecure in relationships. Oct 11, 2018 · That’s called hyper-attachment. Full-body excitement: One of the most obvious signs of attachment is the enthusiastic, full-body greeting you receive whenever you return home. Dr. Front. Affected children may also be sad, irritable, or scared when they’re with their caregiver, even Learn how to address dog attachment issues and ease separation anxiety with this comprehensive training guide from a certified separation anxiety specialist. Apr 26, 2022 · Humans have attachment styles and dogs do, too. Insecure Means Behaviour Problem. Jan 22, 2021 · Keywords: dog behavior, human-dog attachment, personality, veterinary behavior, behavior problems INTRODUCTION Dogs are the most common companion animal in the United States with a canine population Dec 30, 2019 · The results of the paired attachment test suggest that shelter dogs are more likely to seek contact depending on attentional state (i. Place the individual puppy with his breeder (or shelter worker) in a room with new toys, and see how the pup reacts when the person Tire out your dog with long walks and puzzle treats. 2. Most human–animal interaction research to date has focused on adult Jul 24, 2023 · The child has difficult, aggressive behaviour towards other children or adults. Hyper-attachment. By ensuring that authors are always provided with extensive feedback, JEPS gives psychology students the chance to gain experience in publishing and to Apr 1, 2024 · Benefits of Attachment Therapy. In many cases, the behaviour is a result of distress. Sep 27, 2023 · Limping or reluctance to fully weight bear. As my UMass colleague and attachment researcher Paula Pietromonaco For example, if my dog’s panic began the moment I walked out the door, I might start with the steps below on day 1. Vet. While this may seem harmless, sudden attachment issues can sometimes lead to behavioral concerns or indicate underlying problems that need to be addressed. Dec 5, 2023 · In delving deeper into the human-canine connection, insights from attachment theory, initially formulated for human relationships by psychologists John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, come to the fore This quote translates well to all animal species. Oct 21, 2012 · Hey! Me and my husband are having some issues with our 7 year old German Shepherd female dog. Need for frequent reassurance and validation from close others, such as partners. They become extremely anxious and show distress behaviors such as vocalization, destruction, or house soiling when separated from the owners. Anxiety. The most common types of barking are: Warning or alert. disruptive emotions, such as irritability, sadness, fear, or anger when engaging with caretakers Pet attachment and owner personality. Feb 14, 2024 · Jumping up on people. This can result in unwanted behavior Eight weeks after birth, the puppy is eating solid food on their own, they have benefited from socializing with litter-mates and observing mom, and they are well within the ideal timeframe to bond with new owners. Fear of abandonment. If your dog has severe separation anxiety, you can start with small 5-10 second intervals and gradually increase them to 20-30 minutes over a few weeks. DOI: 10. It isn’t built overnight. Before you can correct excessive barking, determine why your dog is vocalizing in the first place. Moving Too Fast. Calming coats and shirts, such as the ThunderShirt, can help ease a puppy’s anxiety as they apply mild, constant pressure to the body. 4. Westies form strong attachments to their owners and can become anxious when left alone. , 2012) has utilized the attachment framework (i. Separation anxiety describes dogs that usually are overly attached or dependent on family members. Many see it as a deep love and fondness. This will make your dog fear the crate, and Nov 6, 2023 · Excessive sucking on pillows. 27, large effect) (Figure 3); this was a complete mediation as the direct effect of X on Y was no longer significant when accounting for M1 and Previous research (e. I comforted Dogs who have a strong emotional attachment to their humans display it in a variety of subtle – and not-so-subtle – ways. We choose to have dogs in our homes, and therefore we choose to take care of them - not just their physical wellbeing, but their emotional health, too. • Destructive behavior when left alone. Due to their reputation as gregarious dogs that may develop strong attachments to their owners, French Bulldogs can experience separation anxiety. Oct 30, 2014 · Importance of separation-related problems. So far, studies in this area, albeit sparse, have focused on the ‘Big Five’ traits of owner personality. In some cases, these bonds have been found to support or enhance the physical and emotional well-being of both species. 1 - other international versions of ICD-10 F94. When dogs exhibit undesirable behaviours, the problem often resides in an insecure attachment. Furthermore, we could also assume based on evidence that anxious attachers would be Jan 26, 2024 · Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) RAD involves patterns of emotional withdrawal from caregivers. Chemistry and bonding go hand in hand, so pay attention to his natural body language. Close door and walk away. Avoidance: If your dog avoids physical contact with you or other family members, it could be a sign of attachment issues. Every dog has different fears, different levels of fear, and different reactions to that fear. When a dog is deprived of the emotional security they need, it can lead to behavioural problems such as aggression and chewing. If your Goldendoodle is a rescue and comes from a background of abuse or neglect it may have an even stronger attachment to you than most. “Sometimes it is almost like claustrophobia—they don’t want to be alone, period, wherever they are,” he says. It’s a natural process and essential to the survival of those who are part of the litter. This produces a swaddling effect and can help calm a puppy down. 10 The Separation anxiety will look different in every dog, however Certified Dog Trainer and Pet People Panel member Nicole Ellis says the most common signs of separation-related anxiety include: Decreased or no appetite, even treats. In the present study we have investigated Apr 23, 2021 · This contributes to a lowering of stress hormones, lower blood pressure, and a feeling of happiness. It’s also very effective in helping create a trusting bond between you and your Maltipoo. Pitbull puppy play biting/mouthing. Expand Reduce freedom until their bladder control improves. Become A Holistic Pet Health Coach. Where I am is where you'll find Jax, even when DH is home. Jan 25, 2024 · 32 dog breeds most likely to have separation anxiety. There’s nothing more to say about it. Separation anxiety: Dogs with attachment issues may suffer from separation anxiety when separated from you. Cockapoo. an apparent lack of emotions and emotional attachments. code to identify any associated failure to thrive or growth retardation. Jul 1, 2020 · One type is an attachment disorder—dogs who are very attached to one person or just to people in general and react when those people aren’t around. When left alone, they engage in destructive behavior, excessive barking, and home soiling. g. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the common issues faced by Pitbull owners, from excessive barking and jumping to more complex issues like aggression and separation anxiety. In this study, dogs’ and owners’ personalities and the owners’ attachment style to their dogs were identified and associated with owner-reported dog aggression towards humans and animals. • Aversion to physical contact. However, many shelter dogs develop separation anxiety, so the reasons might be: Past trauma – abuse or negligence. • Aggression towards people or other animals. Jan 4, 2023 · Dogs have been shown to exhibit signs of attachment issues when they are not given enough attention or love. There is an ongoing controversy among dog trainers as to which training methods are best. This would be in accordance also with the psychological „similarity-attraction hypothesis” which suggests that the more similar two individuals are, the higher the Oct 17, 2018 · The dogs bonded with the other dog. ct xg rk ln rg iu yl tm tv ud